Cameras

The camera starts from a similar device known as the Camera Obscura which is a box that has not been equipped with cameras to capture images of the film or shadow. In the 16th century Girolamo Cardano complement the camera obscura with a lens on the front of the camera obscura. However, the image produced was not durable, so the discovery of Girolamo has not been considered as the world of photography. In 1727 Johann Scultze in his research found that the highly sensitive silver-sodium to ray light, but he has not invented the concept of how to move ideas forward. In 1826, Joseph Niepce Nicepore publishes pictures of the image produced camera, a blurred picture of the rooftops on a mixture of tin plate which was then known as the first photo.

Then, in 1839, Louis Daguerre published his findings in the form of images produced from the shadow of a street in Paris on a silver coated copper plate. Daguerre who in 1829 entered into partnership with Niepce camera continuing development program, although Niepce died in 1833, developed a camera that is known as a daguerreotype camera which is considered practical in the world of photography, where in return for its findings, the French Government to give a gift to a pension for life Daguerre and Niepce family. Daguerreotype camera developed into a camera that is developed now.

Digital camera is a tool to create images of objects for further refracted through the lens to the CCD sensor (there is also the sensor CMOS) and the results were recorded in digital format to the digital storage media. Because the results are stored digitally record the results of these images must be processed using the digital processing is also a kind of computer or printing machines data read the digital storage media. The ease of digital cameras is the image that was quickly known to result in an instant, ease of transfer results (transfer), and editing the color, sharpness, brightness and size that can be done with relatively easier than the manual camera.





Connectivity

Digital cameras store the data using a memory card. Until now there are 43 types of memory cards, the most famous are usually known as the CF (Compact Flash) and SD (Secure Digital Card) which is a newer generation of MMC or Multimedia Card. Files that are stored can vary the type, can be JPEG, GIF, TIFF, etc.. Usually this type of images that are stored in digital cameras is calculated based on the number of pixels. Most digital cameras connected to a computer via USB, although there are some who use firewire. Some gadgets, such as mobile phones and PDAs have a digital camera attached.

Cameras components

A camera consists of:

- A light-proof box (camera body)
- System lenses
- The lighter portrait (shutter)
- The movie player

Lens system

Lens system is mounted on the front of the pit box, the form of a single lens made of plastic or glass, or a number of lenses arranged in a metal cylinder.

Deterrence level of light is expressed by the number f, or relative aperture. The lower the f number, the greater the smaller the opening level will get. Aperture diaphragm is arranged by the window. Relative aperture is set by a diaphragm. For SLR cameras, lens aperture is equipped with a regulator that regulates the amount of light entering the photographer as you wish.

Types of lenses faster or slower lens F is determined by the range of values that can be used. Besides the normal lens, wide angle lens is also known (wide lens), small-angle lens (telephoto lens), and the lens is variable (variable lens, or by the layman called the zoom lens.

Wide-angle lens has a focal length smaller than a conventional lens. But the designation is dependent on the film width is used. For films 35 millimeters, 35 millimeters lens will be called a wide-angle lens, while the 135-millimeter lens will be called a telephoto lens.

The lens can be changed variable focus distance, by changing the relative position of the lens elements. The lens will focus the light so that the resulting image according to the size of the film. They are grouped according to the length of the lens focal length (distance between the two lenses).

Focal length affects the composition of the image that can be generated. In the general population, it’s better known as zoom.

Portrait lighter: lighter portrait or shutter button mounted on the rear of the lens or lenses. Most SLR cameras have a timer mechanism to allow for varying the shutter opening time. This time is short shutter is opened, allowing the beam of light on film.

Some of the common people regard the ability of the camera is proportional to the magnitude of the maximum shutter speed that can be used. Other parts of a camera, among others:

- Mechanism of the movie reels that parts of the movie alternately be disclosed on an object
- Focus mechanism which can vary the distance between the lens and film,
- The scanner composition photography (range finder) that shows what will be photographed and if the main object was focused.
Light meter help set the shutter speed or aperture size, so that the amount of light that the film is quite right to obtain a satisfactory image or images.

Some cameras, especially pocket cameras usually do not have any of these parts.

cameras media based on the light catcher

Light catcher using celluloid film camera (or the like, according to the development of technology). Silver halide grains are attached to the ribbon is very sensitive to light. When the washing process of the film, silver halide has been exposed to light with the right size will go black, while less or no exposure to the date and dissolve with the liquid developer (developer). Types of media cameras based on the light catcher:

Movie camera

This type of film camera used was of type 35 millimeter, which became popular because of versatility and speed when shooting, because the camera is small, compact and unobtrusive. Sometimes interchangeable lenses and cameras that can load a roll of film for 36 outcrop, sometimes even more.

Types of film

Distribution of films based on size:
- Small format (35mm)
- Medium format (100-120mm)
- Large format

The above figures mean diagonal size of film used. Every kind of emotion the film size using different cameras.

Distribution of films based on the type of material and sensitivity:
- Black and white film
- Film color
- Positive Film
- Negative Film
- Film daylight
- Film tungsten
- Film infra-red (heat-sensitive surface of the reflected object)

Polaroid Camera: The camera of this type using Polaroid sheets that provide a direct positive image that the photographer does not need to do the washing process print film.

Digital Camera: The camera of this type can work without using film. The photographer can easily capture an object without having to bother took aim through the window perspective because most digital cameras do not have it. Instead, digital cameras use an LCD screen mounted on the back of the camera. Wide LCD screen on any digital camera is different. For storage media, digital cameras use the internal memory or external memory using the memory card.

cameras action mechanism

The camera is the most popular tools in the activity of photography. The name is derived from camera obscura, Latin for "dark room", the early mechanism for projecting the look of a room which serves as the workings of the modern photographic camera, except there is no way at that time to record the image display in addition to manually follow in his footsteps. In the world of photography, a camera and recording device to form a shadow portrait on sheet film. In the television camera, the lens system forms an image on a photosensitive plate. This plate will emit electrons onto the target plate when exposed to light. Furthermore, the electron beam is treated electronically. Known to many types of camera portraits. Types of cameras based on the mechanism of action:

Reflect single lens camera: This camera has a flat mirror with 45 degrees uncover behind the lens, so that what is seen by the photographer in the view window is also what will be captured on film. These cameras are generally used at waist level when used.

Instant camera: instant term is its automatic mechanism in the camera, so by measuring the light (lightmeter or photometer), width of aperture and shutter speed are automatically set.

cameras viewfinder

Viewfinder plays an important role in the preparation of photographic composition. Expert photographer will usually prefer a viewfinder with good quality and able to give an accurate picture of what will be printed. The division of the camera viewfinder based on technology:

Compact cameras: the most popular type of public use. The main lens cannot be replaced, usually automatic or require a little adjustment. Light passes through a lens directly burn medium. The weakness of this movie is the image captured by the eye will be different from that produced the film, because there are different points of view viewfinder (viewfinder) with a lens.

TLR Camera: pocket camera Weaknesses repaired by TLR camera. The viewfinder is given the identical lenses with lens on the bottom. But still there is a parallax error is caused because the angle and position of the lens is not the same.





Camera SLR (Single Lens Reflect): At SLR camera, the light that enters the camera to the photographer's eye is deflected so that photographers get an identical image to be formed. When the photographer pressed the shutter speed button, the light will be deflected back into the medium (or film). SLR camera lens can be replaced instead of the will, it is preferable to experts photograph, or a hobby, mounting the lens on the camera body is different things depending on the brand cameras, ranging from wide lens (wide angle), telephoto (long distance), and normal lens (standard 50 mm), is also a zoom lens varies with the length of the lens.

Digital cameras Components

Components:

Camera Sensor: The sensor is a sensor cameras capture images as well-known as a CCD (Charged Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor), which consists of millions of pixels more. The sensor is a chip which is located directly behind the lens. The more pixels captured, the more detail the resulting image.

LCD display: LCD Display (LCD display) is a small screen on a digital camera is useful to see what kind of shooting that was captured by the CCD sensor. Results are shown on the LCD screen is more accurate than the results expected in conventional cameras are often different.

LCD screen can also be helpful to see the photos in an instant after the picture is taken; it is easy to correct immediately the image to get the best results.









Media storage: One component is a very important role of storage media. This media may be compact flash, memory stick, and so forth. In general, the storage media has a storage capacity of a large number of images in accordance with the memory capacity of competitive. Images on any media capacity are also determined by the capacity of the resolution of each image produced. The higher resolution CCD, the larger the size of space required to store files in the storage media.

Digital cameras types

Basically a digital camera can be categorized into two types.
- Digital pocket camera (digital pocket camera)
- Digital Camera SLR (Digital Single Lens Reflect (SLR) Camera)

Digital cameras can have many functions and the same tools can store photos, pictures, video, or voice recording.

Digital cameras can be divided into several groups:

Video camera
- Professional video cameras such as those used in the manufacture of television and film. These tools usually have multiple image sensors (one for each color) to enhance resolution and color.
- Camcorders used by amateurs. This is a combination of camera and VCR to create a production unit that has been integrated. They usually include a microphone and a small LCD.

Digital Still camera: digital still cameras are cameras that are used to capture still images. This group is usually subdivided into three groups:

-compact digital camera or pocket camera: It is the most common digital cameras, and most easy to use, because its function is completely automated, with a small form and portability. On average this type of camera, in contemporary times, also is equipped with features such as SLR or prosumer camera, it can be used to zoom (long distance) and macro (close range).
- Prosumer digital camera: A digital camera with functions of the middle class is almost like the SLR, SLR-like form is usually, but with lighter weight and smaller. This type of camera, the lens cannot be changed as needed, but is equipped with a fixed lens as a zoom function that is more distant than a pocket camera (up above 10x), macro photos, etc..
- Digital SLR sensors usually have a nine times greater than standard digital cameras, and is aimed at professional photographers and serious hobbyists. SLR camera lenses can be changed as necessary. Typically, manufacturers already offer a standard lens (kit lens), but different types of lenses are also sold separately, according to the needs and financial capabilities. SLR type cameras are still divided into two types, namely the SLR for a hobby, or SLR for professional use is of course purely on the quality of the SLR camera hobby, of course, the price is also different. For the class of their own SLR camera, according to the level of quality and price is also very diverse. Cheapest, ranging from 5-6 million, then tens of millions, even hundreds of millions of dollars as a camera brand Hasselblad.

Webcam: Webcam is a digital camera connected to a computer, used for video teleconferencing or other purposes. Webcams can capture full-motion video images, and some models include microphones and zooming capabilities.